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The contributions of First Nations ethnicity, income, and delays in surgery on mortality post-fracture: a population-based analysis

Osteoporos Int 24:1247-1256. Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada We examined the independent contributions of First Nations ethnicity and lower income to […]

My dad was not a prepaid group practice patient

Health Aff W4:70-72. Project Hope, Millwood, VA, USA The author’s father was a psychiatrist, a concerned citizen, and a Medicare patient. He died recently after […]

Keep it simple? Predicting primary health care costs with clinical morbidity measures

J Health Econ 35C:109-122. University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; University of York, York, UK Models of the determinants of individuals’ primary care costs can be […]

Impact of a high-deductible health plan on outpatient visits and associated diagnostic tests

Med Care 52:86-92. Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA BACKGROUND: By shifting a greater share of […]

Vitamin D, asthma prevalence and asthma exacerbations: a large adult population-based study

Allergy. Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. BACKGROUND: The impact of low […]

Assessing Markers From Ambulatory Laboratory Tests for Predicting High-Risk Patients

ABSTRACT Objectives: This exploratory study used outpatient laboratory test results from electronic health records (EHRs) for patient risk assessment and evaluated whether risk markers based on […]

Profils de multimorbidite et caracteristiques demographiques – patients inscrits dans les groupes de medecine de famille de Montreal (GMF)

Montreal, QC, Canada: Montreal Health and Social Services Agency. Montreal Health and Social Services Agency, Montreal, QC, Canada La coexistence de plusieurs maladies chroniques est […]

Metformin use is associated with lower cervical cancer specific mortality

Radiation Oncology 93:S10. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada Purpose/Objective(s): While meta-analysis has shown metformin use in diabetic patients […]

Impact of physician and center case volume on the adequacy of cardiac monitoring during adjuvant trastuzumab in breast cancer

2013 Breast Cancer Symposium. Abstract 128. J Clin Oncol 31 (suppl 26; abstr 128). University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, […]

Ambulatory Care Groups as a primary care patient classification system

Cuadernos de Gestión 6:19-24. Published in Spanish. Fundació Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain No abstract

Adjusted Clinical Groups – an instrument to predict resource use: a population-based healthcare management tool

Gesundheits- und Sozialpolitik 1-2:8-15. Published in German. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Advances in information technology, electronic billing, and diagnostic […]

Applicability of predictive risk groupers to MHS data model. Deliverable 8: interim analysis of results

Reston, VA, USA: AdvanceMed Corp. AdvanceMed Corp., Reston, VA, USA AdvanceMed Corporation, a DynCorp company, is supporting the TRICARE Management Activity (TMA) and its health […]

Risk adjustment for asthma: variations by methodology and implications for providers

Working paper: Informed Purchasing Series. Hamilton, NJ, USA: Center for Health Care Strategies. Center for Health Programs Development and Management, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, […]

From theory to application: the implementation of risk adjustment for Minnesota Medicaid

Minneapolis, MN, USA: Park Nicollet Institute, Minnesota Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Human Services. Park Nicollet Institute and Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, MN, […]

Impact of continuity of care and provider factors on medication adherence in patients with hypertension

Baltimore, MD, USA: Johns Hopkins University (doctoral dissertation). Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Hypertension is one of the most common […]

Understanding approaches to case-mix assessment and case-mix adjustment

JHQ Online :W5-24 – W5-29. McKesson Medical Management Group, Newton, MA. Rising healthcare costs coupled with diminishing financial  resources are stimulating changes in the organization […]

Diabetes, gender and neighbourhood ethnicity: inequalities in healthcare resource utilization

Canadian Journal of Diabetes 33:281. Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada AIMS: Lower utilization of medical resources by immigrants are often observed in self-reported […]

Mortalidad por cualquier causa e incidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular en hipertensos con perfil tipo Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial en un ambito poblacional espanol

Aten Primaria 42:420-430. Published in Spanish. Dirección de Planificación, Badalona Serveis Assistencials S.A., Badalona, Barcelona, Spain OBJECTIVES: Mediterranean populations are traditionally considered to be associated […]

Development of a Medical Productivity Index for health insurance beneficiaries

Insurance Markets and Companies: Analyses and Actuarial Computations 2:7-15. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA In this paper, a Medical Productivity Index (MPI) is proposed […]

Des indicateurs de qualité à l’intention des professionnels et des gestionnaires des services de première ligne

Institut national d’excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS). Rapport rédigé par Marie-Dominique Beaulieu, Marie‐Pascale Pomey, Brigitte Côté, Claudio Del Grande, Monia Ghorbel, Phuong […]

Social Housing in Manitoba

Winnipeg, MB, Canada: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, MB, Canada The Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP) in conjunction […]

Clinical integration of the chronic patient

Enfermeria Clnica 24:35-43. Published in Spanish. Gerencia del Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain Castilla-La Mancha Health Service is developing the integration […]

Risk Stratification – An introduction to the basics

This document provides a high-level overview of what risk stratification is its relevance to the health service and some things to consider when using risk […]

Thai Health Financing Arrangements

Naresuan University Ambulatory casemix systems and Thai health financing arrangements Supasit Pannarunothai Faculty of Medicine

Tuesday-Utilization-Borgquist

BMC Public Health Co-morbidity and Health Care Utilisation Five Years Prior to Diagnosis for Depression: A Register-Based Study in a Swedish Population David Andersson Henrik […]

Monday-Care Coordination I-Muniz

Johns Hopkins ACG System The Development of a Coordination Risk Measure Patricio Muñiz

Improving Patient Care

Cricket Green Medical Practice, Mitcham, Surrey Improving Patient Care Using Risk Profiling in Primary Care Dr Simon Gilbert, GP

Tuesday(C6)-Bridging the Gap Between Payer Data and EHR Data —Rohan D’Souza

Bridging the Gap Between Payer Data and EHR Data —Rohan D’Souza, eClinicalWorks

Sunday-Overview of Version 11: Enhancements and Features-Salls

OVERVIEW OF VERSION 11: ENHANCEMENTS AND FEATURES  Overview of Version 11: Enhancements and Features —Amy Salls, DST Health Solutions

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Overview of the Johns Hopkins ACG System

Karen Kinder, PhD, MBA, Executive Director, ACG System, gives an overview of the ACG System and its various applications to solve health care challenges worldwide. Dr. Kinder highlights how the different users including health organizations, national and regional health authorities, clinic directors, and practitioners use the ACG System to improve accuracy and fairness in evaluating performance, identifying individuals at high risk, forecasting health care utilization, or setting equitable payment rates.

Outcomes Among Patients Discharged From the Emergency Department With a Diagnosis of Peripheral Vertigo

Objective: We aimed to determine the risk of short- and long-term stroke, as well as accidental injury, in patients discharged from an emergency department who […]

Evaluating the Impact of Prescription Fill Rates on Risk Stratification Model Performance

Risk adjustment models are traditionally derived from administrative claims. Prescription fill rates—extracted by comparing electronic health record prescriptions and pharmacy claims fills —represent a novel […]

First Use of a Population Health Management Strategy in Dutch Primary Health Care

Abstract Introduction: Recently, in Dutch health care the focus is shifting from a disease oriented approach to a more population based approach. Since in The […]

Impactibility Model for Population Health Management in High-Cost Elderly Heart Failure Patients: A Capture Method Using the ACG System

Abstract The aim of the present study is to use the ACG (Adjusted Clinical Groups) System to create an impactibility model by identifying homogeneous clinical […]

The Value of Unstructured Electronic Health Record Data in Geriatric Syndrome Case Identification

Abstract Objectives To examine the value of unstructured electronic health record (EHR) data (free‐text notes) in identifying a set of geriatric syndromes. Design Retrospective analysis […]

A Multi-sourced Data Analytics Approach to Measuring and Assessing Biopsychosocial Complexity: The Vancouver Community Analytics Tool Complexity Module (VCAT-CM)

Abstract Operationalization of the fundamental building blocks of primary care (i.e. empanelment, team-based care and population management) within the context of Community Health Centers requires […]

Effectiveness and Safety of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Older Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and/or Asthma. A Population Study

Abstract Rationale Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are established medications for the management of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), two common chronic airway diseases. […]

Symptom burden among head and neck cancer patients in the first year after diagnosis: Association with primary treatment modality

Abstract Purpose Head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment affects quality of life, with significant symptom burden. The main objectives of this study were […]

Trends in cardiovascular care and event rates among First Nations and other people with diabetes in Ontario, Canada, 1996–2015

Abstract Background Rates of cardiovascular disease among people with diabetes have declined over the last 20–30 years. To determine whether First Nations people have experienced […]

Temporal condition pattern mining in large, sparse electronic health record data: A case study in characterizing pediatric asthma

Abstract Objective This study introduces a temporal condition pattern mining methodology to address the sparse nature of coded condition concept utilization in electronic health record […]

Assessing the geographical distribution of comorbidity among commercially insured individuals in South Africa

Abstract Background Comorbidities are strong predictors of current and future healthcare needs and costs; however, comorbidities are not evenly distributed geographically. A growing need has […]

A population-based study comparing outcomes for patients with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer treated by urologists or medical oncologists with first line abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide

Abstract Objectives To compare toxicity and all-cause mortality for mCRPC patients receiving first line oral systemic therapy prescribed by medical oncologists and urologists. Methods Population-based […]

Accidental injury, self‐injury, and assault among children of women with schizophrenia: a population‐based cohort study

Abstract Objective We aimed to compare the risk for injury overall and by intent (accidental injury, self‐injury, and assault) among children born to women with […]

Development and validation of the Cambridge Multimorbidity Score

Abstract BACKGROUND Health services have failed to respond to the pressures of multimorbidity. Improved measures of multimorbidity are needed for conducting research, planning services and […]

Frailty is highly prevalent in specific cardiovascular diseases and females, but significantly worsens prognosis in all affected patients: A systematic review

Abstract Objective Cardiologists are more often confronted with older (>60 years) cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. These patients have particular needs in clinical care because, for […]

Multimorbidity and chronic diseases among undocumented migrants: evidence to contradict the myths

Abstract Background There is little verified information on the global health status of undocumented migrants (UMs). Our aim is to compare the prevalence of the […]

Impact of Neighborhood Social and Environmental Resources on Medicaid Spending

Abstract Introduction In an era of COVID-19, Black Lives Matter, and unsustainable healthcare spending, efforts to address the root causes of health are urgently needed. […]

Development of measurable criteria to identify and prioritize patients for inclusion in comprehensive medication management programs within primary care settings

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Pharmacists optimize medication use and ensure the safe and effective delivery of pharmacotherapy to patients using comprehensive medication management (CMM). Identifying and prioritizing […]

Emergency department use and hospital admission in children following ambulatory surgery: a retrospective population-based cohort study

ABSTRACT Introduction Paediatric ambulatory surgery (same day surgery and planned same day discharge) is more frequently being performed more in Canada and around the world; […]

Opioid Use after Nephrectomy for Kidney Cancer in Ontario: A Population-Based Study

Abstract Objective To compare the odds of early and prolonged post-operative opioid use in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) versus open surgery for nephrectomy. […]

Evaluating the predictive value of comorbidity indices in pituitary surgery: a mixed-effects modeling study using the Nationwide Readmissions Database

Abstract OBJECTIVE Although pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common intracranial tumors, literature evaluating the utility of comorbidity indices for predicting postoperative complications in patients undergoing pituitary […]

Using the Johns Hopkins ACG Case-Mix System for population segmentation in a hospital-based adult patient population in Singapore

Abstract Objective Population health management involves risk characterisation and patient segmentation. Almost all population segmentation tools require comprehensive health information spanning the full care continuum. […]

Population risk stratification tools and interventions for chronic disease management in primary care: a systematic literature review

Abstract Background Population risk stratification (RS) tools have been proposed to tailor interventions, prioritize resources, and proactively manage high-risk individuals with chronic diseases in primary […]

Enhancing Depression Identification and Stratification with a Claims-Based Analytical Framework

Abstract Depression, a prevalent health condition, substantially impacts both socioeconomic outcomes and individual wellbeing. Despite the availability of diagnostic tools, existing approaches for identifying depression […]

Association of frailty with outcomes of patients undergoing transvenous lead removal for cardiac implantable electronic device infections in the United States

Abstract Background Frailty, marked by reduced physiological resilience, is associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing various cardiovascular procedures. The rising incidence of cardiac implantable […]

Long-term healthcare resource use and cost associated with COVID-19 disease from a health system perspective. An equity-focused population-based cohort study

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 strained Ontario’s health system, with social determinants of health (SDH) underexplored in cost analyses. We examined COVID-19 attributable healthcare resource use and costs […]

The need for long-term support: Five-year outcomes after severe injury in older adults

Abstract Background While the short-term risks of severe injury among older adults (age≥65) are well studied, little is known about long-term functional outcomes in this […]

Primary care unattachment: impact on mortality, hospitalizations and costs

Abstract Introduction Primary care attachment is the formal or informal affiliation with a regular primary care clinician. In countries with near-universal primary care, a physician’s […]

Assessing the impact of attachment to primary care and unattachment duration on healthcare utilization and cost in Ontario, Canada: a population-based retrospective cohort study using health administrative data

Abstract Background Insufficient access to primary care remains a major public health issue in Ontario, Canada, particularly for unattached residents (i.e., those who are not […]

Temporal Trends of Adults Gaining or Losing Enrolment in Primary Care Medical Homes in Ontario, Canada: A Retrospective Serial Cohort Analysis

Abstract Introduction Patient attachment to a primary care medical home has emerged as a key strategy to strengthen population health in high-income countries, including the […]

Access to care and outcomes for neuroendocrine tumours: does socioeconomic status matter?

ABSTRACT Introduction Neuroendocrine tumours (nets) are a poorly understood malignancy lacking standardized care. Differences in socioeconomic status (ses) might worsen the effect of non-standardized care. […]

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Analyzing Care Needs for Your Medicare Advantage Enrollees – White Paper

For health plans in the Medicare Advantage space, a strategy for effectively managing the care, quality and risk of members is crucial. This includes understanding […]

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Patient selection based on segmentation and predictive modeling

Patient selection based on segmentation and predictive modeling in the Comprehensive Care for Multimorbid Adults Program (CC-MAP)Presented by:Efrat Shadmi, PhD, RN, Associate Professor at the […]

Similar multimorbidity patterns in primary care patients from two European regions: results of a factor analysis

PLoS One 9:e100375. Aragón Health Sciences Institute, Zaragoza, Spain; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of General Practice, KU Leuven, Belgium. OBJECTIVE: To compare the […]

A retrospective evaluation of the behaviour of groups under out-patient care at a health center

Aten Primaria 21:36-42. Published in Spanish. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública de Granada, Granada, Spain OBJECTIVES: To study and analyse the Out-Patient Care Groups (OCGs), […]

Physical health and gender as risk factors for usage of services for mental illness

J Epidemiol Community Health 68:971-978. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; […]

Health-related quality of life and multimorbidity in community-dwelling telecare-assisted elders in the Basque Country

Eur J Intern Med 26:169-175. Basque Institute for Healthcare Innovation, Barakaldo, Spain; Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Erandio, Spain; Osatek S.A., Public Society of the Basque […]

The association between diabetes and breast cancer stage at diagnosis: a population-based study

Breast Cancer ResTreat 150:613-620. Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada Women with diabetes have higher breast cancer incidence and mortality. The […]

Cost-minimizing risk adjustment

J Health Econ 21:515-530. Center for Health Quality, Outcomes and Economic Research, Boston University School of Public Health, Bedford, MA, USA Conventional risk adjustment, which […]

Association of frailty and 1-year postoperative mortality following major elective noncardiac surgery: a population-based cohort study

JAMA Surg. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, […]

Utilization of clinical tools to understand health-care differences of the Discovery Health population

BMC Health Serv Res 10:A18. Discovery Health, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa INTRODUCTION: Various clinical tools exist that categorize health-care data into homogenous cohorts. The tools […]

Patient-mix differences among ambulatory providers and their effects on utilization and payments for Maryland Medicaid users

Med Care 31:1119-1137. Policy and Health Statistics Administration, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD, USA Characteristics of the usual source of care […]

Clinical features of high-risk older persons identified by predictive modeling

Dis Manag 9:56-62. Johns Hopkins HealthCare, Glen Burnie, MD, USA The objective of this study was to describe the clinical features of older persons identified […]

Validation of ACG Case-mix for equitable resource allocation in Swedish primary health care

BMC Public Health 9:347. Blekinge Centre of Competence, Karlskrona, Sweden BACKGROUND: Adequate resource allocation is an important factor to ensure equity in health care. Previous […]

Review: health care utilization and costs of elderly persons with multiple chronic conditions

Med Care Res Rev 68:387-420. University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany This systematic literature review identified and summarized 35 studies that investigated the relationship between multiple […]

How health status affects progress and performance in school: a population-based study

Can J Public Health 99:344-349. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada […]

Are cervical cancer screening rates different for women with schizophrenia? A Manitoba population-based study

Schizophr Res 113:101-106. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, MB, Canada CONTEXT: Barriers to cervical cancer screening […]

Clinical categories of patients and encounter rates in primary health care – a three-year study in defined populations

BMC Public Health 6:35. Center for Family and Community Medicine, Neurotec Department, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden BACKGROUND: The objective was to estimate the proportion of […]

Developing and evaluating performance measures for ambulatory care quality: a preliminary report of the DEMPAQ project

Jt Comm J Qual Improv 19:552-565. Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Because of the focus on […]

Adjusting for risk selection in state health insurance exchanges will be critically important and feasible, but not easy

Health Aff 31:306-315. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA The Affordable Care Act calls for the establishment of state-level health insurance […]

Abdominal fat from spine dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and risk for subsequent diabetes

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:3272-3276. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada CONTEXT: Abdominal obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) […]

Reducing the burden of morbidity and medical utilization of older patients by outpatient geriatric services: Implications to primary health-care settings

Geriatr Gerontol Int 12:612-621. Department of Medical Affairs and Planning, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. AIM: That geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) is associated […]

Predicting resource utilization in a Veterans Health Administration primary care population: comparison of methods based on diagnoses and medications

Med Care 42:123-128. Medical Service, Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA BACKGROUND: Valid methods of predicting resource utilization in primary care populations […]

Predictors of children’s healthcare use: the value of child versus parental perspectives on healthcare needs

Med Care 42:232-238. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study […]

Comparing self-reported health status and diagnosis-based risk adjustment to predict 1- and 2 to 5-year mortality

Health Serv Res 42:629-643. Houston Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies, Health Services Research and Development Service, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, […]

Does the pharmacy expenditure of patients always correspond with their morbidity burden? Exploring new approaches in the interpretation of pharmacy expenditure

BMC Public Health 10:244. Aragon Health Sciences Institute, Zaragoza, Spain BACKGROUND: The computerisation of primary health care (PHC) records offers the opportunity to focus on […]

Influenza vaccination and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling elderly in Ontario, Canada, a cohort study

Vaccine 29:240-246. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of influenza vaccines in reducing […]

Estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness in community-dwelling elderly patients using the instrumental variable analysis method

Arch Intern Med 172:484-491. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness in elderly individuals are largely from observational […]

Short-run associations between medical care expenditures and adherence to clinical practice guideline-based measures for diabetes

Value Health 3 Suppl 1:29-38. MEDSTAT Group, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, USA OBJECTIVES: To estimate relationships between medical care expenditures in 1996 and adherence to […]

Prospects of Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG’s) in capitated payment risk adjustment

Rev Esp Salud Publica 80:55-65. Published in Spanish. Dirección de Planificación y Desarrollo Organizativo, Badalona, Serveis Assistencials, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain BACKGROUND: Most patient classification systems […]

Trend and variation of prescription drug cost in the veterans health-care system

Health Serv Manage Res 21:14-22. Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York, Albany, NY, USA Using descriptive statistics, this paper revealed that the […]

Validating the Adjusted Clinical Groups [ACG] case-mix system in a Spanish population setting: a multicenter study

Gac Sanit 23:228-231. Published in Spanish. Dirección de Planificación, Badalona Servicios Asistenciales, S.A., Badalona, Barcelona, España. PURPOSE: To validate the Johns Hopkins ACG case-mix system […]

Co-morbidity and health care utilisation five years prior to diagnosis for depression

A register-based study in a Swedish population. BMC Public Health 11:552. Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Family Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden BACKGROUND: Depressive […]

Modeling factors influencing the demand for emergency department services in Ontario: a comparison of methods

BMC Emerg Med 11:13. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Emergency departments are medical treatment facilities, designed to […]

Clinical outcomes after bariatric surgery: a five-year matched cohort analysis in seven US states

Obes Surg 22:749-763. Center for Health Care Research and Policy, MetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is the most […]

Treatment profiles and costs of patients with chronic pain in the population setting

Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 4:39-47. Dirección de Planificación, Badalona Serveis Assistencials, Barcelona, Spain BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to gather information about analgesic drug […]