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Development and application of a population-oriented measure of ambulatory care case-mix

Med Care 29:452-472. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA This article describes a […]

Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACGs) explain the utilization of primary care in Spain based on information registered in the medical records: a cross-sectional study

Health Policy 76:38-48. Centro de Salud Astrabudua, Consulado Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown the validity of Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACGs) in the […]

Diabetes quality of care and outpatient utilization associated with electronic patient-provider messaging: a cross-sectional analysis

Diabetes Care 32:1182-1187. Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis […]

Imputation of 10-year osteoporotic fracture rates from hip fractures: a clinical validation study.

J Bone Miner Res 25:388-392. Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada The World Health Organization (WHO) fracture risk assessment system (FRAX) allows […]

Use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of osteoporosis-related fractures

CMAJ 179:319-326. Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada BACKGROUND: The use of proton pump inhibitors has been associated […]

Formal risk adjustment by private employers

Inquiry 38:299-309. Department of Economics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA This paper explores explanations for why few private employers have adopted formal risk adjustment. The […]

Patient use of secure electronic messaging within a shared medical record: a cross-sectional study

J Gen Intern Med 24:349-355. Group Health Cooperative, Center for Health Studies, Seattle, WA, USA BACKGROUND: Most patients would like to be able to exchange […]

HMO family physicians: men and women differ in their work

HMO Pract 9:155-161. Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle, WA, USA OBJECTIVE: The goal was to identify differences in the type of work and […]

Effect of premium, copayments, and health status on the choice of health plans

Med Care 46:1033-1040. Division of Health Care Policy & Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA OBJECTIVE: Explore effects of comorbidity […]

Patient sharing among physicians and costs of care: a network analytic approach to care coordination using claims data

J Gen Intern Med 28:459-465. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA BACKGROUND: Improving care coordination is a national priority and a key […]

Case-mix index and length of hospitalization

G Chir 31:211-214. Published in Italian. Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. The ACG (Adjusted Clinical Groups) case-mix system is a classification […]

ACG case-mix system aids contract assessment, improves performance

Data Strateg Benchmarks 4:21-26. The ABCs of ACGs. Adjusted clinical groups, or ACGs, a risk adjustment system developed by Baltimore-based Johns Hopkins University, are being […]

Realigning incentives in fee-for-service Medicare

Health Aff 22:59-70. Schneider Institute for Health Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA This paper proposes Medicare payment reform built on the fee-for-service system, with […]

Work limitations and their relationship to morbidity burden among academic health center employees with diabetes

Workplace Health Saf 60:425-434. Department of Acute and Chronic Care, John Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA The objective of this study was […]

Population-based trends in osteoporosis management after new initiations of long-term systemic glucocorticoids (1998-2008)

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:1236-1242. University of Alberta and University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to describe changes in glucocorticoid-induced […]

Ambulatory care casemix measures

J Gen Intern Med 10:162-170. HSR&D Field Program, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA No abstract PMID: 7769475

Racial and ethnic differences in utilization of health services in patients with diabetes enrolled in Medicaid

J Health Care Poor Underserved 15:562-575. General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. We evaluated racial and […]

The effect of acupuncture utilization on healthcare utilization

Med Care 46:41-48. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Outcomes, Albany, NY, USA OBJECTIVE: To determine whether acupuncture is […]

A systematic review of health care efficiency measures

Health Serv Res 44:784-805. RAND, Arlington, VA, USA OBJECTIVE: To review and characterize existing health care efficiency measures in order to facilitate a common understanding […]

Achieving cost control, care coordination, and quality improvement in the Medicaid program

J Ambul Care Manage 33:38-49; discussion 69-70. ACS Government Healthcare Solutions, Helena, MT, USA As Medicaid spending rises quickly, controlling cost while coordinating care and […]

Bone microarchitecture assessed by TBS predicts osteoporotic fractures independent of bone density: the Manitoba study

J Bone Miner Res 26:2762-2769. Bone Disease Unit, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland The measurement of BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the “gold […]

Two-year trends in colorectal cancer screening after switch to a high-deductible health plan

Med Care 49:865-871. Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA BACKGROUND: Recent health reform laws might […]

Postoperative health-care utilization in Crohn’s disease: the impact of specialist care

Am J Gastroenterol 107:1522-1529. Mount Sinai Hospital Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canad OBJECTIVES: Crohn’s disease (CD) patients frequently require […]

How does complementary private prescription drug insurance coverage affect seniors’ use of publicly funded medications?

Health Policy 110:147-155. School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Like in many other high-income jurisdictions, the public drug […]

Division of primary care services between physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners for older patients with diabetes

Med Care Res Rev 70:531-541. University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Team-based care involving physician assistants and/or […]

Resources allocation and health care needs in diabetes care in Danish GP clinics

Health Policy 113:206-215. Institute of Public Health, Centre of Health Economics Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark BACKGROUND: In several […]

Measuring medical productivity to gauge the value of Medicare

Minn Med 96:46-48. Department of Finance, Medical Industry Leadership Institute, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Having a measure of productivity […]

The effect of medical malpractice liability on rate of referrals received by specialist physicians

Health Econ Policy Law 8:453-475. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; University of Michigan, School of […]

Determinants of buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence

J Subst Abuse Treat 46:315-319. Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA This study assessed the social, demographic and […]

How is the electronic health record being used? Use of EHR data to assess physician-level variability in technology use

J Am Med Inform Assoc Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA BACKGROUND: Studies of the effects of electronic health records (EHRs) have had […]

Procedures take less time at ambulatory surgery centers, keeping costs down and ability to meet demand up

Health Aff 33:764-769. University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA During the past thirty years outpatient surgery has become an […]

The association between parental depression and children’s health care utilization and expenditures: exploring the dimensions of parental gender and timing of depressive symptoms

Baltimore, MD, USA: Johns Hopkins University (doctoral dissertation). Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Methods: The study used multiple […]

A descriptive analysis of the Ontario MedsCheck annual pharmacy medication review service

Canadian Pharmacists Journal 148:S27. OBJECTIVES: A MedsCheck Annual (MCA) consultation is a medication review service funded by the Ontario government for people taking three or […]

Associations among socioeconomic status (SES), patterns of care and outcomes in breast cancer (BC) patients (pts) in a universal health care system: Ontario’s experience

2014 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Abstract 6625. J Clin Oncol 32 (suppl; abstr 6625). University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health […]

The impact of not having a primary care physician among people with chronic conditions

Toronto, ON, Canada: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Primary care plays a pivotal role in health […]

Using the Adjusted Clinical Groups System to identify high-risk hemodialysis patients in Taiwan

J Healthc Manag 11:311-326. Published in Chinese. OBJECTIVES: There has been a rising number and cost of patients with regular hemodialysis in Taiwan. The objective […]

Risk distribution and risk assessment among enrollees in Washington state’s Medicaid SSI population

Hamilton, NJ, USA: Center for Health Care Strategies. Center for Health Care Strategies, Hamilton, NJ, USA Washington state began enrolling Medicaid SSI (low income, disabled) […]

Risk adjustment and rate setting methods in public programs

A report to legislature. St. Paul, MN, USA: Minnesota Department of Health. Health Economics Program, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA The 1995 […]

Updating and calibrating the Johns Hopkins University ACG/ADG risk adjustment method for application to Medicare risk contracting

Final report to Health Care Financing Administration. Baltimore, MD, USA: Johns Hopkins University. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA The Balanced Budget Act (BBA) of […]

An operational framework for paying physician specialists a risk-adjusted fixed payment and incorporating the results in a global premium rating model

Los Angeles, CA, USA: UCLA (doctoral dissertation). University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA The demand for more accurate and equitable professional medical specialty payments […]

Characteristics and utilization patterns of high-cost recipients in Medicaid population

MEDTAP 2001-2003 Research Project #1. Cincinnati, OH, USA: University of Cincinnati and Institute for Health Policy and Health Services Research. University of Cincinnati and Institute […]

Adjusting for patients’ clinical case mix explains variation in general practice prescribing

Research report no. 291, Department of Statistical Science. London, UK: University College London. University College London, London, UK BACKGROUND: The potential of using patient-level measures […]

Investigating whether the Johns Hopkins ACG case-mix system explains variation in UK general practice

London, UK: University College London (doctoral dissertation). University College London, London, UK This thesis describes the first large-scale studies in the United Kingdom to adjust […]

Familial aggregation of childhood health and the socioeconomic gradient of disease: a longitudinal population-based sibling analysis

Winnipeg, MB, Canada: University of Manitoba (masters thesis). University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada The Johns Hopkins ACG(r) Case-Mix System grouped various physician and hospital […]

Impact of rheumatoid arthritis on recognition of hypertension in a medically homed population

Arthritis Rheum 64:S712-S713. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Numerous studies report increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and others describe increased arterial stiffness in […]

Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG) and co-morbidity

ImPrim Report D. Karlskrona, Sweden: ImPrim. Blekinge Centre of Competence, Karlskrona, Sweden No abstract

Depression, anxiety disorders, and related health care utilization in the Manitoba Metis population

Winnipeg, MB, Canada: Manitoba Metis Federation. Manitoba Metis Federation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada This report resulted from the need to understand further the findings in the […]

Leicester City CCG Case Study 3

Use of ACG® System output to support distribution of CCG Better Care Fund monies

Resource Allocation Case Study-Government

Sweden became one of the first international adopters of the Johns Hopkins ACG System in the mid 1990s and has expanded its use to cover […]

Poster: Morbidity Burden Resource Use and Quality of Care of Diabetic Patients

Morbidity burden, resource use and quality of care of diabetic patients: A 4-year cohort analysis at a regional hospital in Thailand. Roongkarn Pannarunothai, Buddhachinaraj Hospital, […]

Embedding ACGs in Berkshire

NHS Berkshire Embedding ACGs in Berkshire Karen Grannum Primary Care Business Intelligence Lead

Using the ACG Toolkit to Support Population Monitoring

DST Health Solutions Using the ACG Toolkit to Support Population Monitoring Lisa Kabasakalian

Monday(C3)-Identifying Potentially Actionable Chronic Disease Patterns From Diagnoses Reported in Administrative Claims-Dave Bodycombe

Identifying Potentially Actionable Chronic Disease Patterns From Diagnoses Reported in Administrative Claims —Dave Bodycombe, Johns Hopkins University

Tuesday(C6)-Integration of claim-based diagnoses with diagnoses from General Practitioners (GPs) clinical database records improves the comorbidity description”-Corti

 Integration of claim-based diagnoses with diagnoses from General  Practitioners (GPs) clinical database records improves the comorbidity description” Maria Chiara Corti,  E. Schievano F. Avossa, K. Kinder, […]

What causes ’poly-morbidity’? Searching for triggers of multi-morbidity: tracing patient record 30 years back

Lennart Carlsson, PhD; Gunnar H Nilsson, Professor; Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden

Beyond Risk Scores: Lisa Kabasakalian, DST Health Solutions

ACG System DST Health Solutions Beyond Risk Scores: Identifying “High-Risk” and “At-Risk” Populations Lisa Kabasakalian

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The ACG System Worldwide

ACG System Executive Director Karen Kinder, PhD, provides a candid tour of the ACG System’s international history and evolution to what is now the most […]

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Population Segmentation Case Study – Government

Three Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) analyzed their local populations as part of a new national initiative to address the care of people who are frail.  Learn more.

Predictors of hospital stay and home care services use: A population-based, retrospective cohort study in stage IV gastric cancer

Background: Home care services use has been proposed as a means of reducing costs in palliative care by decreasing hospital stay without impacting quality of […]

Albuminuria, Reduced Kidney Function, and the Risk of ST‐ and non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease is a recognized independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but whether the risks of ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non–ST‐segment–elevation […]

Correlation between Potentially Inappropriate Medication and Alzheimer’s Disease among the Elderly

Abstract   Purpose This study is conducted to explore the association between potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among the elderly. Methods We […]

Variation in the health outcomes associated with frailty among home care clients: relevance of caregiver distress and client sex

Abstract Background The identification of contextual factors that modify associations between client frailty and their health and service use outcomes is essential for informed home […]

The Incremental Health Care Costs of Frailty Among Home Care Recipients With and Without Dementia in Ontario, Canada: A Cohort Study

Abstract Objective In this study, we investigated the incremental 1-year direct costs of health care associated with frailty among home care recipients in Ontario with and without […]

Do Incentive Payments Reward The Wrong Providers? A Study Of Primary Care Reform In Ontario, Canada

ABSTRACT Primary care payment reform in the US and elsewhere usually involves capitation, often combined with bonuses and incentives. In capitation systems, providing care within […]

Economic Analysis of Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Compared with Chemotherapy in Resected Pancreas Cancer

Abstract Background Population-based survival and costs of pancreas adenocarcinoma patients receiving adjuvant chemoradiation and chemotherapy following pancreaticoduodenectomy are poorly understood. Methods This retrospective cohort study used […]

Incremental healthcare utilisation and costs among new senior high-cost users in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective matched cohort study

Abstract Objectives To describe healthcare use and spending before and on becoming a new (incident) senior high-cost user (HCU) compared with senior non-HCUs; to estimate […]

Diagnostic accuracy of administrative codes for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in clinic patients with cystic kidney disease

Abstract Background The ability to identify patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and distinguish them from patients with similar conditions in healthcare administrative […]

Correlates of non-adherence to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening among screen-eligible women: a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada

Abstract Purpose Breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers are cancers that can be detected early through screening. Despite organized cancer screening programs in Ontario, Canada participation […]

Comparing the Predictive Effects of Patient Medication Adherence Indices in Electronic Health Record and Claims-Based Risk Stratification Models

Abstract Multiple indices are available to measure medication adherence behaviors. Medication adherence measures, however, have rarely been extracted from electronic health records (EHRs) for population-level […]

In-Person and Telehealth Ambulatory Contacts and Costs in a Large US Insured Cohort Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Importance This study assesses the role of telehealth in the delivery of care at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives To document patterns […]

Class III Obesity and Other Factors Associated with Longer Wait Times for Endometrial Cancer Surgery: A Population-Based Study

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of class III obesity (body mass index >40 kg/m2) on wait times for endometrial cancer surgery in Ontario, as […]

Evaluating the performance of a predictive modeling approach to identifying members at high-risk of hospitalization

Abstract Aims To evaluate the risk-of-hospitalization (ROH) models developed at Blue Cross Blue Shield of Louisiana (BCBSLA) and compare this approach to the DxCG risk-score […]

Impact of Area Deprivation Index on the Performance of Claims-Based Risk-Adjustment Models in Predicting Health Care Costs and Utilization

Abstract Objective Traditionally, risk-adjustment models do not address the characteristics of minority populations, such as race or socioeconomic status. This study aimed to evaluate the […]

Long-term risk of subsequent major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture in men and women: a population-based observational study with a 25-year follow-up

Abstract Summary The risk of subsequent major osteoporotic and hip fracture following an initial fracture was increased in both sexes over 25 years, with modest […]

Association of Surgical Experience With Risk of Complication in Total Hip Arthroplasty Among Patients With Severe Obesity

Abstract Importance Severe obesity is a risk factor for major early complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Objective To determine the association between surgeon experience […]

Outpatient Physical Therapy Use Following Tibial Fractures: A Retrospective Commercial Claims Analysis

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize outpatient physical therapy (OPT) use following tibial fractures and examine the variability of OPT attendance, […]

Time since prior fracture affects mortality at the time of clinical assessment: a registry‑based cohort study

Abstract Summary Fractures are associated with increased long-term mortality in patients surviving to undergo baseline DXA. Notably, excess mortality risk does not decline with increasing […]

Impact of Frailty on Hospital Outcomes Among Patients with Lymphoid Malignancies Receiving Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the United States

Abstract Background Frailty could affect outcomes of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). This study sought to examine the effects of frailty on hospital outcomes […]

Relationship of frailty with excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-level study in Ontario, Canada

Abstract Background There is a paucity of the literature on the relationship between frailty and excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The entire […]

Combining Patient Survey Data With Diagnosis Codes Improved Medicare Advantage Risk-Adjustment Accuracy

Abstract Under the current Medicare Advantage (MA) risk-adjustment system, plans are incentivized to report diagnosis codes on enrollees’ medical claims reflecting additional and more severe […]

Primary Care Unattachment; Impact on Mortality, Hospitalizations and Costs

Abstract Background: Primary care attachment, defined as a patient’s formal or informal affiliation with a regular primary care provider, is a cornerstone of many healthcare […]

Trends in Insulin Out-of-Pocket Costs and Use Disparities, 2008-2021

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess trends in insulin out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, use, and disparities among commercially insured patients from 2008 to 2021. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective time […]

Refocusing Algorithmic Fairness on Feature-Level Bias: A Diagnostic Approach Using Dutch EHR Data

Abstract While algorithmic fairness research in healthcare has predominantly focused on disparities in model performance, less attention has been given to the underlying data structures […]

Association between Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups risk scores and self-reported outcome measures: an observational study among individuals with complex or long-term conditions in Norway

Abstract Objective:  Investigate the association between Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG) risk scores and low scores in self-reported outcome measures (SROMs) among individuals with […]

Association Between Adoption of Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty in Canada and Major Surgical Complications

Abstract Background Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) is being adopted rapidly, but data on its real-world safety compared with conventional TKA (cTKA) outside specialized centers […]

Bridging the gap: health equity in women’s urologic care across rural settings

Purpose of review Health equity has emerged as a priority in urology, as disparities in access to care and health outcomes are driven by social, […]

Association of Cumulative Proton Pump Inhibitor Use with Prostate Cancer Risk and Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Abstract Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use has been associated with increased prostate cancer risk in case–control and cohort studies of men with a negative prostate […]

Determinants of Failure to Rescue After Pulmonary Resection for Lung Cancer: Insights From a National Inpatient Sample

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Failure to rescue (FTR), defined as death following a postoperative complication, is an established quality metric; however, national data after pulmonary […]

Readmissions Infographic

Preventing avoidable hospital readmissions is considered by many to be the most important opportunity for reducing waste in health care.  The Johns Hopkins ACG® System can […]

Defining and Assessing Geriatric Risk Factors and Associated Health Care Utilization Among Older Adults Using Claims and Electronic Health Records

Abstract Background: Using electronic health records (EHRs), in addition to claims, to systematically identify patients with factors associated with adverse outcomes (geriatric risk) among older […]

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Supporting Clinical Activities

The ACG System UK Team hosts a series of webinars aimed at providing an overview on a number of topics related to risk stratification, population […]

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Predictive Modelling in Action

An introduction to the principles of predictive modeling in health care and examples of how predictive models are being used in the NHS in England. Learn more.

Do physicians who diagnose more mental health disorders generate lower health care costs?

J Fam Pract 49:305-310. University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA BACKGROUND: Underrecognition and undertreatment of mental health disorders in primary care […]

A cross-sectional, population-based study measuring comorbidity among people living with HIV in Ontario

BMC Public Health 14:161. Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: As people diagnosed with HIV and receiving combination antiretroviral […]

Health information exchange and the frequency of repeat medical imaging

Am J Manag Care 20:eSP16-24. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA OBJECTIVES: Medical imaging, which is expensive, is frequently repeated for the same […]

Missed strokes using computed tomography imaging in patients with vertigo: population-based cohort study

Stroke 46:108-113. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: […]