Skip to content

Documents

Documents

How well do Ambulatory Care Groups predict expenditures on mental health and substance abuse patients?

Adm Policy Ment Health 24:339-357. Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA This paper evaluates the ability of Ambulatory Care Groups […]

Stratification of the population in the Basque Country: results in the first year of implementation

Aten Primaria 45:54-60. Published in Spanish. Instituto Vasco de Innovación Sanitaria, Sondika, Bizkaia, Spain Predictive models allow populations to be stratified according to their health […]

Triumph of hope over experience: learning from interventions to reduce avoidable hospital admissions identified through an Academic Health and Social Care Network

BMC Health Serv Res 12:153. Department of Health Care Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK BACKGROUND: Internationally health services are facing increasing demands […]

Comorbidity-based payment methodology for Medicaid enrollees with HIV/AIDS

Health Care Financ Rev 23:53-68. Center for Health Program Development and Management, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA Managed care organizations (MCOs) may […]

Monitoring the prevalence of chronic conditions: which data should we use?

BMC Health Serv Res 12:365. Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, C/ Alava n° 45, Vitoria-Gazteiz, Spain BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases are an increasing threat to people’s health […]

Effect of patient socioeconomic status on physician profiles for prevention, disease management, and diagnostic testing costs

Med Care 40:717-724. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA BACKGROUND: Previous research shows patient socioeconomic status […]

Medical and pharmacy expenditures after implementation of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor prior authorization program

Pharmacotherapy 25:924-934. Medical and Pharmacy Integration Services, Prime Therapeutics, LLC, Eagan, MN, USA STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor prior […]

The MMPI-2: a contemporary normative study of midwestern family medicine outpatients

J Clin Psychol Med Settings 15:98-119. Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA For more than 60 years it has been known […]

Relationships between physical activity and perceived qualities of life in old age

Results of the SNAC study. Aging Ment Health 13:1-8. School of Social Science, Vaxjo University, Vaxjo, Sweden OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was […]

Impact of morbidity, resource use and costs on maintenance of remission of major depression in Spain: a longitudinal study in a population setting

Gac Sanit 24:13-19. Published in Spanish. Dirección de Planificación, Badalona Serveis Assistencials S.A., Badalona, Barcelona, Spain OBJECTIVE: To determinate the impact of comorbidity, resource use […]

A population-based study of the association between socioeconomic status and emergency department utilization in Ontario, Canada

Acad Emerg Med 18:836-843. Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada OBJECTIVES: The […]

Complementary and alternative medicine provider use and expenditures by cancer treatment phase

Am J Manag Care 14:326-334. Department of Health Services, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA OBJECTIVE: To assess […]

A comparison of health care use for physician-referred and self-referred episodes of outpatient physical therapy

Health Serv Res 47:633-654. Center for Public Health Statistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA OBJECTIVE: To compare patient profiles and health care use […]

A population-based description of atrial fibrillation in the emergency department, 2002 to 2010

Ann Emerg Med 62:570-577. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; […]

Preeclampsia as a risk factor for diabetes: a population-based cohort study

PLoS Med 10:e1001425. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Women with preeclampsia (PEC) and gestational hypertension (GH) exhibit insulin resistance during […]

Vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among elderly adults during the 2010-2011 season

Clin Infect Dis 57:820-827. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Although annual influenza immunization is recommended for adults aged ≥65 years due […]

Morbidity and costs associated to neurological disorders

Neurologia 28:126-129. Directorate of Planning, Badalona Serveis Assistencials SA, Badalona, Spain La presencia de múltiples enfermedades es frecuente en edades avanzadas, y diferentes estudios poblacionales […]

Pneumococcal vaccine targeting strategy for older adults: Customized risk profiling

Vaccine 32:990-995. Clalit Research Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel BACKGROUND: Current pneumococcal vaccine campaigns take a broad, primarily age-based approach to immunization targeting, overlooking many clinical […]

Prevalence and costs of multimorbidity by deprivation levels in the Basque country: a population based study using health administrative databases

PLoS One 9:e89787. Basque Health Service, Erandio, Bizkaia, Spain; Basque Institute for Healthcare Innovation, Sondika, Bizkaia, Spain; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Australian National […]

A qualitative study on clinicians’ perceptions about the implementation of a population risk stratification tool in primary care practice of the Basque Health Service

BMC Fam Pract 15:150. Basque Institute for Healthcare Innovation, Bizkaia, Spain BACKGROUND: A prospective Population Risk Stratification (PRS) tool was first introduced in the public […]

Adjusted Clinical Groups Method (ACG) to allocate resources according to the disease burden of each health center

Santelices C E, Muñoz P F, Muñiz P, Rojas J. BACKGROUND: Health care must be provided with strong primary health care models, emphasizing prevention and a […]

Efficiency assessment of primary care providers: a conditional nonparametric approach

Eur J Operational Res 240:235-244. Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain; Basque Institute for Healthcare Innovation, Sondika, Spain; Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Erandio, Spain This paper […]

The Ontario MedsCheck Diabetes pharmacist medication review service: a descriptive analysis of service recipients between 2010-2014 using administrative claims data

Canadian Association for Population Therapeutics Conference, November 2015, Toronto, ON, Canada. A MedsCheck Diabetes (MCD) consultation is a pharmacist-led medication review service funded by the […]

Population-level costs and resource utilization of homecare for persons with Alzheimer’s disease

J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol 21:pe120. Background: The aging population in Ontario is accompanied by an increased incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Given […]

Working well – the Texas demonstration to maintain independence and employment: 18-month outcomes

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 34:97-106. Addiction Research Institute, Center for Social Work Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA Uninsured working adults with […]

Chronic conditions and co-morbidity among residents of British Columbia

Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia. Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada […]

Using health research in policy and practice: case studies from nine countries

New York, NY, USA: Academy Health/Milbank Memorial Fund. Academy Health/Milbank Memorial Fund, New York, NY, USA As the move toward an evidence-based approach to health […]

Description, behavior, use and methodology used to measure case mix in our primary health care system: the Ambulatory Care Groups (ACGs)

Barcelona, Spain: Fundacio Salut, Empresa i Economia. Published in Spanish. Fundacio Salut, Empresa i Economia, Barcelona, Spain No abstract

Analysing performance of primary health care using the ACG case-mix system

Malmo, Sweden: Lund University (doctoral dissertation). Lund University, Malmo, Sweden The overall aim of this thesis was to analyse the importance of co-morbidity level for […]

The epidemiology and outcomes of critical illness in Manitoba

Winnipeg, MB, Canada: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, MB, Canada This report was conducted at the Manitoba Centre for […]

Addition of pharmacy cost data improves performance of the Adjusted Clinical Groups predictive model for total health care costs overall and within disease specific groups

Value in Health 7:371. AdvancePCS, Hunt Valley, MD, USA OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of adding the pharmacy cost data option to the Adjusted Clinical […]

Burden of morbidity in a patient perspective – the case of sick-leave certified patients in primary care

BMC Public Health 9:157. Data on morbidity in Sweden are based on numbers of diagnoses, classified by the WHO system, the International Statistical Classification of […]

Using risk adjustment approaches in child welfare performance measurement: applications and insights from health and mental health settings

Child Youth Serv Rev 32:103-112. Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA Federal policymaking in the last decade has dramatically expanded performance measurement […]

Predicting the financial risks of seriously ill patients

Sacramento, CA, USA: California Health Care Foundation. In this paper, a Medical Productivity Index (MPI) is proposed as such a metric to capture the value […]

Empirical studies in the economics of health insurance, health, and fertility

Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University (doctoral dissertation) Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA This thesis is a collection of essays in the economics of health insurance, […]

A simple but efficient approach to the analysis of multilevel data

Health Economics Papers 2013:6. Odense, Denmark: University of Southern Denmark. University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Much research in health economics revolves around the analysis […]

Adjusted clinical groups: a patient classification system through risk adjustment

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 30:308-314. Published in Spanish. Directorate of Planning, Badalona Serveis Assistencials SA, Badalona, Spain Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG) are risk […]

High-Risk Case Identification for Use in Comprehensive Complex Care Management

 High-Risk Case Identification for Use in Comprehensive Complex Care ManagementBecause patients with multiple chronic conditions require proactive, coordinated care management to effectively manage numerous health […]

Population Health Management through Care Coordination and Interventions

Population health management at JHHC represents a comprehensive approach to health care considering the distribution of health outcomes within a population, and the health determinants […]

Casemix and Quality

Hospital Authority Casemix and Quality – Are they rivals or partners? Dr. K.H. Lee

Tuesday-Managing hospitalization risk-Terry and Oberg

Dovetail Managing Hospitalization Risk: Refining Patient Selection in a Care Transitions Program Lara Terry, MD. Jeff Oberg

Monday-US Health Reform-Abrams

Johns Hopkins ACG System Using ACGs to Support Risk Adjusted Premiums within the Health Insurance Exchange Chad Abrams

Monday-Advances in modeling risk-Thibodeau

Medica Leveraging the John Hopkins ACG Tool to Support Total Cost of Care Contracts Peter M. Thibodeau

Implementing the ACG risk within NHS

NHS Airedale, Bradford & Leeds Cluster Information Services Implementing the ACG risk of hospitalization model with NHS data: experiences from Leeds Dr Thomas Mason MA., […]

Using Predictive Modeling to Identify Readmission Risk

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Using Predictive Modeling to Identify Readmission Risk K. Lemke

Monday(C3)-Geographically Identifying Expanded Diagnosis Clusters in the Hispanic/Latino Population —Thomas Ludden

Geographically Identifying Expanded Diagnosis Clusters in the Hispanic/Latino Population  —Thomas Ludden, Carolinas Healthcare System  

Wednesday(C9)-Swinging from a new tee – towards ‘The Extended Epidemiology’ by analysing the outcome from ACG processing in a County Council in Sweden

Swinging from a new tee – towards ‘The Extended Epidemiology’ by analysing the outcome from ACG processing in a County Council in Sweden —Ulf Börjesson, […]

Care Density: Amy Salls, DST Health Solutions

ACG System DST Health Solutions Care Density Amy Salls

Featured thumbnail
The ACG System as a Common Language

Chad Abrams, Director of U.S. Operations, ACG System; describes common challenges around the world such as language differences, data quality, turning data into impact, and […]

Featured thumbnail
Segmentation Case Study

Slough Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG), which covers a population of 143,000 in the UK, used the Johns Hopkins ACG System to conduct a population health analysis that generated several new insights. After just 18 months, unplanned hospitalizations were reduced by 18% and emergency department visits were reduced by 19%.

New Summary Measures of Population Health and Well-Being for Implementation by Health Plans and Accountable Care Organizations

Thomas E. Kottke, MD, MSPH; Jason M. Gallagher, MBA; Sachin Rauri, MS; Juliana O. Tillema, MPA; Nicolaas P. Pronk, PhD, FACSM; Susan M. Knudson, MA […]

Comprehensive preventive care assessments for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities-Part 1: How do we know if it’s happening?

Objective To determine how to best measure the provision of comprehensive preventive care assessment to adults with IDD. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Ontario. Participants Adults with […]

Comparing Five Comorbidity Indices to Predict Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background: Several different indices summarize patient comorbidity using health care data. An accurate index can be used to describe the risk profile of patients, […]

Exploring the use of machine learning for risk adjustment: A comparison of standard and penalized linear regression models in predicting health care costs in older adults

Abstract   Background Payers and providers still primarily use ordinary least squares (OLS) to estimate expected economic and clinical outcomes for risk adjustment purposes. Penalized […]

Prescription drug claims following a traumatic spinal cord injury for older adults: a retrospective population-based study in Ontario, Canada

Abstract Study design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives The objectives for this study were to examine the prevalence of polypharmacy for people with traumatic spinal cord […]

Impact of timing of methadone initiation on perinatal outcomes following delivery among pregnant women on methadone maintenance therapy in Ontario

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is associated with improved outcomes for children exposed to maternal opioid dependence in utero. We examined Ontario’s […]

Home care nursing after elective vascular surgery: an opportunity to reduce emergency department visits and hospital readmission

Abstract Background Events occurring outside the hospital setting are underevaluated in surgical quality improvement initiatives and research. Objective To quantify regional variation in home care […]

Sex-Based Disparities in the Hourly Earnings of Surgeons in the Fee-for-Service System in Ontario, Canada

Abstract Importance  Sex-based income disparities are well documented in medicine and most pronounced in surgery. These disparities are commonly attributed to differences in hours worked. […]

Emergency department use among young adult Medicare beneficiaries with autism and intellectual disabilities

Abstract Background Individuals on the autism spectrum are at greater risk for a variety of co-occurring psychiatric and medical conditions, which could result in greater […]

Serious infections in patients with myasthenia gravis: population‐based cohort study

Abstract Background and purpose To characterize the frequency and risk of serious infections in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) relative to age/sex/area‐matched comparators. Methods This […]

Declining Use of Red Blood Cell Transfusions for Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Population-Based Analysis

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal cancer surgery patients often develop perioperative anemia commonly treated with red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Given the potential associated risks, evidence published […]

Impact of preoperative echocardiography on surgical delays and outcomes among adults with hip fracture

Aims Echocardiography is commonly used in hip fracture patients to evaluate perioperative cardiac risk. However, echocardiography that delays surgical repair may be harmful. The objective […]

90-90-90 for everyone?: Access to HIV care and treatment for people with HIV who experience imprisonment in Ontario, Canada

ABSTRACT Background We examined HIV care and treatment in prison and after release for people with HIV in Ontario, Canada, and compared HIV care and […]

Correlation between potentially inappropriate medication and Alzheimer’s disease among the elderly

Abstract Purpose This study is conducted to explore the association between potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among the elderly. Methods We used […]

Fracture Risk in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Abstract Objective Prednisone is a common treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG), and osteoporosis is a known potential risk of chronic prednisone therapy. Our aim was […]

Impact of frailty on inpatient outcomes in thyroid cancer surgery: 10-year results from the U.S. national inpatient sample

Abstract Background Frailty is linked to perioperative morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the impact of preoperative frailty on inpatient outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for […]

Early postoperative follow-up reduces risk of late severe nutritional complications after Roux-En-Y gastric bypass: a population based study

Abstract Background Severe nutritional complications can occur following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Adherence to follow-up visits can reduce the risk of many bariatric surgery complications, […]

Type 1 diabetes prevalence and incidence rates in the pediatric population of Veneto Region (Italy) in 2015–2020

Abstract The prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in the Veneto Region (Italy) in the 2015–2020 years was 152.5/100,000 subjects and the incidence 19.7/100,000 person-years. Accordingly, Veneto Region […]

Second and later-line erlotinib use in non-small cell lung cancer: real world outcomes and practice patterns overtime in Canada

Abstract Background In Canada, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapies in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were initially approved regardless of EGFR status. The purpose […]

Patient Service Utilization Among Individuals with Co‑occurring Disorders: A Comparison of Two Models of Care Coordination

Abstract Background Healthcare systems have increasingly adopted integrated care models with demonstrated effectiveness. However, few studies examine integrated care for individuals with co-morbid mental illness […]

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes with variants of concern in Ontario

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) are more transmissible and may have the potential for increased disease severity and decreased vaccine effectiveness. We estimated the […]

Assessing the Added Value of Vital Signs Extracted from Electronic Health Records in Healthcare Risk Adjustment Models

Abstract Objective Patient vital signs are related to specific health risks and outcomes but are underutilized in the prediction of health-care utilization and cost. To […]

Hip Fractures in Adults with Schizophrenia: A Population-based Evaluation of the Burden and Quality of Care

Abstract Hip fractures have life-altering consequences. Individuals with schizophrenia may experience a higher likelihood of hip fractures, worse postfracture outcomes, and suboptimal care. This thesis […]

Impact of Immigration Status on Survival Among Stage 1 and 2 HER2-Positive and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Ontario, Canada

ABSTRACT Background This study examined death from breast cancer and death from other causes among women with Stage 1 and 2 Her2-positive and triple-negative breast […]

The Impact of Frailty on Short-Term Outcomes After Surgery for Zenker Diverticulum

Abstract Objective Determine relationship between frailty and hospital mortality, length of stay, cost, and medical and surgical complications in Zenker diverticulum surgery. Study Design Retrospective […]

Implementation, impact of vaccination coverage and determinants of VZV immunization in people living with HIV: The HIV-ZoVax study

Abstract Background Shingles remains a significant cause of morbidity in people living with HIV despite advances in antiretroviral therapy. The recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) is […]

Primary care utilization and attachment among burn survivors: A population-based matched cohort study

Abstract Background Many burn survivors experience poor long-term outcomes, including reduced quality of life and greater mortality than the general population, yet post-discharge interventions to […]

Developing and validating an electronic health record-embedded AI model for managing multimorbid hospitalisation risk in patients with chronic RESpiratory disease (AiRES): a study protocol

Abstract Background Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are heterogeneous conditions with a high multimorbidity burden. However, existing risk […]

Continuity in a fragmented healthcare system – organizational and individual determinants

Abstract Background Continuity of care is key for high-quality primary care, associated with improved health outcomes, reduced mortality and more efficient use of resources. Achieving […]

Improving Prediction of Risk of Admission to Long-Term Care or Mortality Among Home Care Users With IDD

ABSTRACT Background Frailty is an established predictor of admission into long-term care (LTC) and mortality in the elderly population. Assessment of frailty among adults with […]

Featured thumbnail
Identifying High-Risk Medicare Advantage Enrollees

Early identification of high-risk members provides the opportunity to manage the complex needs of this population. After one month in the plan, more than 50% […]

Featured thumbnail
Case Mix Adjustment in Practice

In this webinar, builds upon the introduction to the concept of case mix in the previous webinar and will share how case mix adjustment can […]

Improving the quality of outpatient care for older patients with diabetes: lessons from a comparison of rural and urban communities

J Fam Pract 50:676-680. University of Washington, Department of Family Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to compare the quality of diabetic care […]

Why do physicians vary so widely in their referral rates?

J Gen Intern Med 15:163-168. Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA OBJECTIVE: To determine which physician practice and psychological factors contribute […]

Assessing population health care need using a claims-based ACG morbidity measure: a validation analysis in the province of Manitoba

Health Serv Res 37:1345-1364. Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada OBJECTIVES: To assess the ability of an […]

Health care costs, utilization and patterns of care following Lyme disease

PLoS One 10:e0116767. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg University, Baltimore, MD, USA BACKGROUND: Lyme disease is the most frequently reported vector borne infection in the United States. […]

Palliative care and the aggressiveness of end-of-life care in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer

J Natl Cancer Inst 107:p11: kju424. University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: We examined the impact of […]

Predicting costs of care using a pharmacy-based measure risk adjustment in a veteran population

Med Care 41:753-760. VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA BACKGROUND: Although most widely used risk adjustment systems use diagnosis data to classify […]

Process of care for Medicaid-enrolled children with asthma: served by community health centers and other providers

Med Care 40:303-314. Institute for Health Care Research and Policy, Georgetown Public Policy Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA OBJECTIVE: To compare the process of […]

A population-based study evaluating family physicians’ HIV experience and care of people living with HIV in Ontario

Ann Fam Med 13:436-445. Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institute for […]

Sex disparities in post-acute myocardial infarction pharmacologic treatment initiation and adherence: problem for young women

Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 8:586-592. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada BACKGROUND: The prevalence of the use of secondary prevention cardiovascular medications is lower […]

Increased surgeon experience with rheumatoid arthritis reduces the risk of complications following total joint arthroplasty

Arthritis Rheumatol 66:488-496. University of Toronto and Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between surgeon experience with, and complications following, […]

Prevalence, expenditures, and complications of multiple chronic conditions in the elderly

Arch Intern Med 162:2269-2276. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA BACKGROUND: The prevalence, health care […]

Ambulatory care groups: a categorization of diagnoses for research and management

Health Serv Res 26:53-74. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA This article describes a […]

Using the Johns Hopkins aggregated diagnosis groups (ADGs) to predict mortality in a general adult population cohort in Ontario, Canada

Med Care 49:932-939. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Department of Health Management, Policy and Evaluation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Administrative healthcare databases […]

Preventable hospitalizations and socioeconomic status.

Health Aff 17:177-189. Wagner Graduate School, New York University, New York, NY, USA. “Preventable” hospitalizations have been proposed as indicators of poor health plan performance. […]

Applying diagnosis and pharmacy-based risk models to predict pharmacy use in Aragon, Spain: the impact of a local calibration

BMC Health Serv Res 10:22. Aragon Health Science Institute, Zaragoza, Spain BACKGROUND: In the financing of a national health system, where pharmaceutical spending is one […]

Ambulatory Care Groups and the profiling of primary care physician resource use: examining the application of case mix adjustments

J Ambul Care Manage 19:86-89. Center for Research in Ambulatory Health Care Administration, Englewood, CO, USA A variety of profiling models and tools is utilized […]