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Comparing self-reported health status and diagnosis-based risk adjustment to predict 1- and 2 to 5-year mortality

Health Serv Res 42:629-643. Houston Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies, Health Services Research and Development Service, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, […]

Does the pharmacy expenditure of patients always correspond with their morbidity burden? Exploring new approaches in the interpretation of pharmacy expenditure

BMC Public Health 10:244. Aragon Health Sciences Institute, Zaragoza, Spain BACKGROUND: The computerisation of primary health care (PHC) records offers the opportunity to focus on […]

Influenza vaccination and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling elderly in Ontario, Canada, a cohort study

Vaccine 29:240-246. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of influenza vaccines in reducing […]

Estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness in community-dwelling elderly patients using the instrumental variable analysis method

Arch Intern Med 172:484-491. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness in elderly individuals are largely from observational […]

Short-run associations between medical care expenditures and adherence to clinical practice guideline-based measures for diabetes

Value Health 3 Suppl 1:29-38. MEDSTAT Group, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, USA OBJECTIVES: To estimate relationships between medical care expenditures in 1996 and adherence to […]

Prospects of Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG’s) in capitated payment risk adjustment

Rev Esp Salud Publica 80:55-65. Published in Spanish. Dirección de Planificación y Desarrollo Organizativo, Badalona, Serveis Assistencials, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain BACKGROUND: Most patient classification systems […]

Trend and variation of prescription drug cost in the veterans health-care system

Health Serv Manage Res 21:14-22. Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York, Albany, NY, USA Using descriptive statistics, this paper revealed that the […]

Validating the Adjusted Clinical Groups [ACG] case-mix system in a Spanish population setting: a multicenter study

Gac Sanit 23:228-231. Published in Spanish. Dirección de Planificación, Badalona Servicios Asistenciales, S.A., Badalona, Barcelona, España. PURPOSE: To validate the Johns Hopkins ACG case-mix system […]

Co-morbidity and health care utilisation five years prior to diagnosis for depression

A register-based study in a Swedish population. BMC Public Health 11:552. Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Family Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden BACKGROUND: Depressive […]

Modeling factors influencing the demand for emergency department services in Ontario: a comparison of methods

BMC Emerg Med 11:13. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Emergency departments are medical treatment facilities, designed to […]

Clinical outcomes after bariatric surgery: a five-year matched cohort analysis in seven US states

Obes Surg 22:749-763. Center for Health Care Research and Policy, MetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is the most […]

Treatment profiles and costs of patients with chronic pain in the population setting

Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 4:39-47. Dirección de Planificación, Badalona Serveis Assistencials, Barcelona, Spain BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to gather information about analgesic drug […]

Multi-institutional sharing of electronic health record data to assess childhood obesity

PLoS One 8:e66192. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity […]

Comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in family practice: a cross sectional study

BMC Fam Pract 14:11. Multiprofessional Education Unit for Family and Community Care (South-east), Madrid, Spain BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is frequent and often […]

The contributions of First Nations ethnicity, income, and delays in surgery on mortality post-fracture: a population-based analysis

Osteoporos Int 24:1247-1256. Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada We examined the independent contributions of First Nations ethnicity and lower income to […]

My dad was not a prepaid group practice patient

Health Aff W4:70-72. Project Hope, Millwood, VA, USA The author’s father was a psychiatrist, a concerned citizen, and a Medicare patient. He died recently after […]

Keep it simple? Predicting primary health care costs with clinical morbidity measures

J Health Econ 35C:109-122. University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; University of York, York, UK Models of the determinants of individuals’ primary care costs can be […]

Impact of a high-deductible health plan on outpatient visits and associated diagnostic tests

Med Care 52:86-92. Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA BACKGROUND: By shifting a greater share of […]

Vitamin D, asthma prevalence and asthma exacerbations: a large adult population-based study

Allergy. Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. BACKGROUND: The impact of low […]

Assessing Markers From Ambulatory Laboratory Tests for Predicting High-Risk Patients

ABSTRACT Objectives: This exploratory study used outpatient laboratory test results from electronic health records (EHRs) for patient risk assessment and evaluated whether risk markers based on […]

Profils de multimorbidite et caracteristiques demographiques – patients inscrits dans les groupes de medecine de famille de Montreal (GMF)

Montreal, QC, Canada: Montreal Health and Social Services Agency. Montreal Health and Social Services Agency, Montreal, QC, Canada La coexistence de plusieurs maladies chroniques est […]

Metformin use is associated with lower cervical cancer specific mortality

Radiation Oncology 93:S10. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada Purpose/Objective(s): While meta-analysis has shown metformin use in diabetic patients […]

Impact of physician and center case volume on the adequacy of cardiac monitoring during adjuvant trastuzumab in breast cancer

2013 Breast Cancer Symposium. Abstract 128. J Clin Oncol 31 (suppl 26; abstr 128). University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, […]

Ambulatory Care Groups as a primary care patient classification system

Cuadernos de Gestión 6:19-24. Published in Spanish. Fundació Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain No abstract

Adjusted Clinical Groups – an instrument to predict resource use: a population-based healthcare management tool

Gesundheits- und Sozialpolitik 1-2:8-15. Published in German. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Advances in information technology, electronic billing, and diagnostic […]

Applicability of predictive risk groupers to MHS data model. Deliverable 8: interim analysis of results

Reston, VA, USA: AdvanceMed Corp. AdvanceMed Corp., Reston, VA, USA AdvanceMed Corporation, a DynCorp company, is supporting the TRICARE Management Activity (TMA) and its health […]

Risk adjustment for asthma: variations by methodology and implications for providers

Working paper: Informed Purchasing Series. Hamilton, NJ, USA: Center for Health Care Strategies. Center for Health Programs Development and Management, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, […]

From theory to application: the implementation of risk adjustment for Minnesota Medicaid

Minneapolis, MN, USA: Park Nicollet Institute, Minnesota Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Human Services. Park Nicollet Institute and Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, MN, […]

Impact of continuity of care and provider factors on medication adherence in patients with hypertension

Baltimore, MD, USA: Johns Hopkins University (doctoral dissertation). Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Hypertension is one of the most common […]

Understanding approaches to case-mix assessment and case-mix adjustment

JHQ Online :W5-24 – W5-29. McKesson Medical Management Group, Newton, MA. Rising healthcare costs coupled with diminishing financial  resources are stimulating changes in the organization […]

Diabetes, gender and neighbourhood ethnicity: inequalities in healthcare resource utilization

Canadian Journal of Diabetes 33:281. Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada AIMS: Lower utilization of medical resources by immigrants are often observed in self-reported […]

Mortalidad por cualquier causa e incidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular en hipertensos con perfil tipo Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial en un ambito poblacional espanol

Aten Primaria 42:420-430. Published in Spanish. Dirección de Planificación, Badalona Serveis Assistencials S.A., Badalona, Barcelona, Spain OBJECTIVES: Mediterranean populations are traditionally considered to be associated […]

Development of a Medical Productivity Index for health insurance beneficiaries

Insurance Markets and Companies: Analyses and Actuarial Computations 2:7-15. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA In this paper, a Medical Productivity Index (MPI) is proposed […]

Des indicateurs de qualité à l’intention des professionnels et des gestionnaires des services de première ligne

Institut national d’excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS). Rapport rédigé par Marie-Dominique Beaulieu, Marie‐Pascale Pomey, Brigitte Côté, Claudio Del Grande, Monia Ghorbel, Phuong […]

Social Housing in Manitoba

Winnipeg, MB, Canada: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, MB, Canada The Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP) in conjunction […]

Clinical integration of the chronic patient

Enfermeria Clnica 24:35-43. Published in Spanish. Gerencia del Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain Castilla-La Mancha Health Service is developing the integration […]

Risk Stratification – An introduction to the basics

This document provides a high-level overview of what risk stratification is its relevance to the health service and some things to consider when using risk […]

Thai Health Financing Arrangements

Naresuan University Ambulatory casemix systems and Thai health financing arrangements Supasit Pannarunothai Faculty of Medicine

Tuesday-Utilization-Borgquist

BMC Public Health Co-morbidity and Health Care Utilisation Five Years Prior to Diagnosis for Depression: A Register-Based Study in a Swedish Population David Andersson Henrik […]

Monday-Care Coordination I-Muniz

Johns Hopkins ACG System The Development of a Coordination Risk Measure Patricio Muñiz

Improving Patient Care

Cricket Green Medical Practice, Mitcham, Surrey Improving Patient Care Using Risk Profiling in Primary Care Dr Simon Gilbert, GP

Tuesday(C6)-Bridging the Gap Between Payer Data and EHR Data —Rohan D’Souza

Bridging the Gap Between Payer Data and EHR Data —Rohan D’Souza, eClinicalWorks

Sunday-Overview of Version 11: Enhancements and Features-Salls

OVERVIEW OF VERSION 11: ENHANCEMENTS AND FEATURES  Overview of Version 11: Enhancements and Features —Amy Salls, DST Health Solutions

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Overview of the Johns Hopkins ACG System

Karen Kinder, PhD, MBA, Executive Director, ACG System, gives an overview of the ACG System and its various applications to solve health care challenges worldwide. Dr. Kinder highlights how the different users including health organizations, national and regional health authorities, clinic directors, and practitioners use the ACG System to improve accuracy and fairness in evaluating performance, identifying individuals at high risk, forecasting health care utilization, or setting equitable payment rates.

Outcomes Among Patients Discharged From the Emergency Department With a Diagnosis of Peripheral Vertigo

Objective: We aimed to determine the risk of short- and long-term stroke, as well as accidental injury, in patients discharged from an emergency department who […]

Evaluating the Impact of Prescription Fill Rates on Risk Stratification Model Performance

Risk adjustment models are traditionally derived from administrative claims. Prescription fill rates—extracted by comparing electronic health record prescriptions and pharmacy claims fills —represent a novel […]

First Use of a Population Health Management Strategy in Dutch Primary Health Care

Abstract Introduction: Recently, in Dutch health care the focus is shifting from a disease oriented approach to a more population based approach. Since in The […]

Impactibility Model for Population Health Management in High-Cost Elderly Heart Failure Patients: A Capture Method Using the ACG System

Abstract The aim of the present study is to use the ACG (Adjusted Clinical Groups) System to create an impactibility model by identifying homogeneous clinical […]

The Value of Unstructured Electronic Health Record Data in Geriatric Syndrome Case Identification

Abstract Objectives To examine the value of unstructured electronic health record (EHR) data (free‐text notes) in identifying a set of geriatric syndromes. Design Retrospective analysis […]

A Multi-sourced Data Analytics Approach to Measuring and Assessing Biopsychosocial Complexity: The Vancouver Community Analytics Tool Complexity Module (VCAT-CM)

Abstract Operationalization of the fundamental building blocks of primary care (i.e. empanelment, team-based care and population management) within the context of Community Health Centers requires […]

Effectiveness and Safety of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Older Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and/or Asthma. A Population Study

Abstract Rationale Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are established medications for the management of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), two common chronic airway diseases. […]

Symptom burden among head and neck cancer patients in the first year after diagnosis: Association with primary treatment modality

Abstract Purpose Head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment affects quality of life, with significant symptom burden. The main objectives of this study were […]

Trends in cardiovascular care and event rates among First Nations and other people with diabetes in Ontario, Canada, 1996–2015

Abstract Background Rates of cardiovascular disease among people with diabetes have declined over the last 20–30 years. To determine whether First Nations people have experienced […]

Temporal condition pattern mining in large, sparse electronic health record data: A case study in characterizing pediatric asthma

Abstract Objective This study introduces a temporal condition pattern mining methodology to address the sparse nature of coded condition concept utilization in electronic health record […]

Assessing the geographical distribution of comorbidity among commercially insured individuals in South Africa

Abstract Background Comorbidities are strong predictors of current and future healthcare needs and costs; however, comorbidities are not evenly distributed geographically. A growing need has […]

A population-based study comparing outcomes for patients with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer treated by urologists or medical oncologists with first line abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide

Abstract Objectives To compare toxicity and all-cause mortality for mCRPC patients receiving first line oral systemic therapy prescribed by medical oncologists and urologists. Methods Population-based […]

Accidental injury, self‐injury, and assault among children of women with schizophrenia: a population‐based cohort study

Abstract Objective We aimed to compare the risk for injury overall and by intent (accidental injury, self‐injury, and assault) among children born to women with […]

Development and validation of the Cambridge Multimorbidity Score

Abstract BACKGROUND Health services have failed to respond to the pressures of multimorbidity. Improved measures of multimorbidity are needed for conducting research, planning services and […]

Frailty is highly prevalent in specific cardiovascular diseases and females, but significantly worsens prognosis in all affected patients: A systematic review

Abstract Objective Cardiologists are more often confronted with older (>60 years) cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. These patients have particular needs in clinical care because, for […]

Multimorbidity and chronic diseases among undocumented migrants: evidence to contradict the myths

Abstract Background There is little verified information on the global health status of undocumented migrants (UMs). Our aim is to compare the prevalence of the […]

Impact of Neighborhood Social and Environmental Resources on Medicaid Spending

Abstract Introduction In an era of COVID-19, Black Lives Matter, and unsustainable healthcare spending, efforts to address the root causes of health are urgently needed. […]

Development of measurable criteria to identify and prioritize patients for inclusion in comprehensive medication management programs within primary care settings

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Pharmacists optimize medication use and ensure the safe and effective delivery of pharmacotherapy to patients using comprehensive medication management (CMM). Identifying and prioritizing […]

Emergency department use and hospital admission in children following ambulatory surgery: a retrospective population-based cohort study

ABSTRACT Introduction Paediatric ambulatory surgery (same day surgery and planned same day discharge) is more frequently being performed more in Canada and around the world; […]

Opioid Use after Nephrectomy for Kidney Cancer in Ontario: A Population-Based Study

Abstract Objective To compare the odds of early and prolonged post-operative opioid use in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) versus open surgery for nephrectomy. […]

Evaluating the predictive value of comorbidity indices in pituitary surgery: a mixed-effects modeling study using the Nationwide Readmissions Database

Abstract OBJECTIVE Although pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common intracranial tumors, literature evaluating the utility of comorbidity indices for predicting postoperative complications in patients undergoing pituitary […]

Using the Johns Hopkins ACG Case-Mix System for population segmentation in a hospital-based adult patient population in Singapore

Abstract Objective Population health management involves risk characterisation and patient segmentation. Almost all population segmentation tools require comprehensive health information spanning the full care continuum. […]

Population risk stratification tools and interventions for chronic disease management in primary care: a systematic literature review

Abstract Background Population risk stratification (RS) tools have been proposed to tailor interventions, prioritize resources, and proactively manage high-risk individuals with chronic diseases in primary […]

Enhancing Depression Identification and Stratification with a Claims-Based Analytical Framework

Abstract Depression, a prevalent health condition, substantially impacts both socioeconomic outcomes and individual wellbeing. Despite the availability of diagnostic tools, existing approaches for identifying depression […]

Association of frailty with outcomes of patients undergoing transvenous lead removal for cardiac implantable electronic device infections in the United States

Abstract Background Frailty, marked by reduced physiological resilience, is associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing various cardiovascular procedures. The rising incidence of cardiac implantable […]

Long-term healthcare resource use and cost associated with COVID-19 disease from a health system perspective. An equity-focused population-based cohort study

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 strained Ontario’s health system, with social determinants of health (SDH) underexplored in cost analyses. We examined COVID-19 attributable healthcare resource use and costs […]

The need for long-term support: Five-year outcomes after severe injury in older adults

Abstract Background While the short-term risks of severe injury among older adults (age≥65) are well studied, little is known about long-term functional outcomes in this […]

Primary care unattachment: impact on mortality, hospitalizations and costs

Abstract Introduction Primary care attachment is the formal or informal affiliation with a regular primary care clinician. In countries with near-universal primary care, a physician’s […]

Assessing the impact of attachment to primary care and unattachment duration on healthcare utilization and cost in Ontario, Canada: a population-based retrospective cohort study using health administrative data

Abstract Background Insufficient access to primary care remains a major public health issue in Ontario, Canada, particularly for unattached residents (i.e., those who are not […]

Temporal Trends of Adults Gaining or Losing Enrolment in Primary Care Medical Homes in Ontario, Canada: A Retrospective Serial Cohort Analysis

Abstract Introduction Patient attachment to a primary care medical home has emerged as a key strategy to strengthen population health in high-income countries, including the […]

Regional variation in healthcare spending and mortality among senior high-cost healthcare users in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective matched cohort study

Abstract Background Senior high cost health care users (HCU) are a priority for many governments. Little research has addressed regional variation of HCU incidence and […]

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Seven Quick Wins (International Version)

Are you a provider, payor or population health organization looking for a quick tune-up to your existing strategy and planning? Then look no further. We […]

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Visualization & Use of the ACG System in the Military Health System

Presented by:David H. Carnahan, Colonel, USAF, MD, MSCE

Relation between surgeon volume and risk of complications after total hip arthroplasty: propensity score matched cohort study

BMJ 348:g3284. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada OBJECTIVES: To identify a cut point in annual surgeon […]

Mothers of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: health conditions and medical care utilization in periods before and after birth of the child

Med Care 47:105-114. Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California Region, Oakland, CA, USA BACKGROUND: Analyzing health conditions and medical utilization of […]

Elective, major noncardiac surgery on the weekend: a population-based cohort study of 30-day mortality

Med Care 52:557-564. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada IMPORTANCE: Previous research has demonstrated that patients undergoing elective […]

Multimorbidity in people with type 2 diabetes in the Basque Country (Spain): Prevalence, comorbidity clusters and comparison with other chronic patients

Eur J Intern Med 26:197-202. Basque Institute for Healthcare Innovation, Barakaldo, Spain; Osakidetza (Basque Health Service), Erandio, Spain; Department of Health, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; World Health […]

Predictors of hospital stay and home care services use: A population-based, retrospective cohort study in stage IV gastric cancer

Palliat Med 29:147-156. Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; Queen’s University, Kingston, […]

How profitable is risk selection? A comparison of four risk adjustment models

Health Econ 11:165-174. Department of Health Services, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA To mitigate selection triggered by capitation payments, risk-adjustment models […]

Macrolide antibiotics and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia in older adults

CMAJ Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) Western, London, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Many […]

A cross-sectional, population-based study of HIV physicians and outpatient health care use by people with HIV in Ontario

BMC Health Serv Res 15:63. Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research […]

Improved Survival in Patients with Viral Hepatitis-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Recommended Abdominal Ultrasound Surveillance in Ontario: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

PLoS One 10:e0138907. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research/Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative  Sciences, Toronto, ON, […]

What, if anything, does amenable mortality tell us about regional health system performance?

Healthc Policy 8:79-90. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada OBJECTIVES: Amenable mortality is proposed as a health system performance measure, and has been used […]

A chronic disease score with empirically derived weights

Med Care 33:783-795. Indiana University Department of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Different types of medication prescribed during a 6-month period for the treatment and management […]

Assessing socioeconomic health care utilization inequity in Israel: impact of alternative approaches to morbidity adjustment

BMC Public Health 11:609. Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel BACKGROUND: The ability to accurately detect differential resource […]

Capitation and enhanced fee-for-service models for primary care reform: a population-based evaluation

CMAJ 180:E72-E81. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Primary care reform in Ontario, Canada, included the initiation of a blended capitation model […]

Variability in prescription drug expenditures explained by Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG) case-mix: a cross-sectional study of patient electronic records in primary care

BMC Health Serv Res 8:53. Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain BACKGROUND: In view of rapidly increasing prescription costs, case-mix adjustment should be […]

The importance of comorbidity in analysing patient costs in Swedish primary care

BMC Public Health 6:36. Ryd Primary Health Care Centre, Linköping, Sweden BACKGROUND: The objective was to explore the usefulness of the morbidity risk adjustment system […]

Designing and using measures of quality based on physician office records.

J Ambul Care Manage 18:56-72. Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA This article presents our principles for developing performance measures to […]

Impact of managed care on prescription drug use

Health Aff 10:140-154. Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Differences between the health services utilization patterns of persons enrolled […]

Socioeconomic status and the utilization of diagnostic imaging in an urban setting

CMAJ 173:1173-1177. Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: An inverse relationship exists between socio-economic status (SES) and osteoporotic fractures. In publicly […]

Rural American Indian Medicaid health care services use and health care costs in California

Am J Public Health 96:363-370. Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, USA OBJECTIVES: We determined differences in Medicaid service use and […]